{"generated_at":"2026-10-31T12:00:27.364Z","delivery":"api","collection_edition":"2026-10-31T03:24:41Z","coverage":"Bounded, source-labelled corpus of selected United States state and federal actions, international instruments, and original-author compute-governance research. It is not a complete jurisdictional tracker, legal advice, or a statement that any proposal is binding. Historical policy-event dates are distinct from retrieval health supplied by an operator refresh snapshot.","methodology":"Each record identifies an official or original-author source, source date, and scoped factual summary. Research reports and political commitments are not represented as law or treaty duties. Verification mappings are Bill Commons analysis: candidate evidence and limits, not legal-compliance findings or vendor-capability claims. Source-retrieval receipt limits are explicit.","records":[{"slug":"rand-ai-agreement-verification-2025","title":"Verifying International Agreements on AI: Six Layers of Verification","issuer":"RAND Corporation","jurisdiction_scope":"International research","instrument_type":"working_paper","status":"published","status_as_of":"2025-07-24","published_at":"2025-07-24","policy_event_date":"2025-07-24","retrieved_at":null,"last_checked_at":"2026-10-31T09:15:55.744049+00:00","last_changed_at":null,"registry_recorded_at":"2026-10-31T03:24:41Z","source_url":"https://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WRA4077-1.html","source_citation":"Baker, Kulp, Marks, Brundage, and Heim, RAND WR-A4077-1 (2025).","sources":[{"url":"https://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WRA4077-1.html","citation":"RAND original working-paper page","section":"summary and document details","published_at":"2025-07-24","retrieved_at":"2026-10-31T03:16:21Z","retrieval_method":"manual_source_audit","audited_at":"2026-10-31T03:24:41Z","audit_support":["RAND identifies the five authors, document number WR-A4077-1, and publication date 24 July 2025.","The working-paper summary describes six largely independent verification approaches for possible interstate AI guardrails and notes technical research needs."],"audit_limits":"RAND labels this a working paper; it is not a treaty, legal obligation, or proof that the analyzed approaches are operational."}],"summary":"RAND working paper analyzing six largely independent technical and personnel-based approaches that could eventually help verify possible international rules on large-scale AI development and deployment.","topics":["international","compute","verification","research"],"obligations":[{"actor":"No legal actor","requirement":"The working paper creates no legal duty; it analyzes verification options for possible future rules.","threshold":null,"deadline":null,"citation":"RAND WR-A4077-1 summary and working-paper notice"}],"verification_mapping":[{"claim":"A specified rule is supported by sufficiently independent verification layers.","evidence":"Rule specification, layer coverage analysis, control evidence, and adversarial tests.","approach":"Assess the stated rule and threat model rather than infer assurance from a control inventory.","assumptions":["States would grant access and cooperation required by the proposed layers."],"limitations":["A working paper is not a treaty or evidence of operational verification."],"classification":"analysis"}],"coverage_note":"Original-author research; not a current compliance regime.","refresh_status":"failed","refresh_outcome":"failed","refresh_semantic_change":null,"refresh_review_needed":false,"refresh_history":[{"slug":"rand-ai-agreement-verification-2025","outcome":"failed","checked_at":"2026-10-31T07:30:18.124533+00:00","error_class":"http_403","http_status":403,"body_changed":false,"review_needed":false},{"slug":"rand-ai-agreement-verification-2025","outcome":"failed","checked_at":"2026-10-31T09:15:55.744049+00:00","error_class":"http_403","http_status":403,"body_changed":false,"review_needed":false}],"refresh_error_class":"http_403","change_history":[{"observed_at":"2026-10-31T03:24:41Z","kind":"registry_record_created","description":"Curated registry entry created; this is not a source retrieval.","source_sha256":null},{"observed_at":"2026-10-31T07:30:18.124533+00:00","kind":"source_check_failed","description":"Source fetch outcome; body changes require human review and do not assert a policy change.","source_sha256":null},{"observed_at":"2026-10-31T09:15:55.744049+00:00","kind":"source_check_failed","description":"Source fetch outcome; body changes require human review and do not assert a policy change.","source_sha256":null}]}]}